Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE). The outermost container or envelope for SPASE metadata. This indicates the start of the SPASE metadata. A tabular listing of events or observational notes, especially those that have utility in aiding a user in locating data. Catalogues include lists of events, files in a product, and data availability. Attributes of a resource which pertain to the provider of the resource and descriptive information about the resource. The person or organization who may be able to provide special assistance or serve as a channel for communication for additional information about a resource. Attributes of the method of acquiring additional information. Attributes of the resource which pertain to how to acquire the resource, availability and storage format. Attributes of the method of acquiring a resource including a URL, name and description. The duration of an interval in time. A graphical representation of data wherein the underlying numeric values are not (readily) accessible for analysis.. Examples are line plots and spectrograms. A characterization of the time over which the measurement was taken. Data stored as numerical values in a specified format. A container of information regarding a parameter whose values are part of the product. Every product contains or can be related to one or more parameters. Specification of the origin and orientation of axes against which the location of some point is given and the representative form of each point. Attributes of an independent variable or axis associated with the data. Attributes of observations obtained from an instrument or sensor. The space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic attributes can exert force on another similar body that is not in direct contact. A description of the types of particles observed in the measurement. This includes both direct observations and inferred observations. The minimum and maximum energy values of the particles represented by a given "physical parameter" description. A grouping of observations according to a band or window of a common attribute. The range of possible azimuthal angles for a group of energy observations. Default units are degrees. The range of possible polar angles for a group of energy observations. Defaults units are degrees. Photon (radio through gamma-rays): the fundamental particle or quantum of electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy) The range of possible values for the observed frequency. Information useful in understanding the context of an observation, typically observed or measured coincidentally with a physical observation. The specification of the location of an object or measurement within a reference coordinate system. The position is usually expressed as a set of values corresponding to the location along a set of orthogonal axes together with the date/time of the observation. An accessible portion of another resource. The ParentID of a Granule resource must be a NumericalData resource. The attributes of a Granule supersede the corresponding attributes in the NumericalData resource. A device which is used to sense and parameterize a physical phenomenon. The host (spacecraft, network, facility) for instruments making observations. An individual human being. A location or facility where resources are cataloged. A location or facility where resources are stored. A location or facility that can perform a well defined task. Permissions granted or denied by the host of a product to allow other users to access and use the resource. The individual, group or organization which should be acknowledged when the data is used in or contributes to a presentation or publication. Directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location. An alternative or shortened name used to refer to a resource. This includes acronyms, expanded names or synonym for a resource. The resource identifier for a resource with which this resource is closely associated. The the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. An indication of the method or service which may be used to access the resource. The time interval between the start of successive measurements. Information which may be important in the avoidance of misuse of the resource. This includes things such as instrument maladies, corruption or contamination. The method or form for specifying a given point in a given coordinate system Identifies the coordinate system in which the position, direction or observation has been expressed. A detailed description of the resource which should include discussions of the main quantities in the resource, possible uses and search terms. A description should also include whether any corrections (i.e, geometry, inertial) have been applied to it. The time interval between the successive display elements. The electronic address at which the individual may be contacted expressed in the form "local-part@domain". A set of unambiguous rules that establishes the representation of information within a file. The specification of a stopping point in time. The time interval over which an individual measurement is taken. Characterizes the directional and statistical aspects of the field observation. The physical attribute of the field. The organization of data according to preset specifications. The value is selected from a list of accepted names for known, well documented formats. The largest value within a range of possible values. The resource identifier for a resource which was used to generate this resource. The identifier of an Instrument resource. The portion of space occupied by the instrument at the time of an observation. A region is distinguished by certain natural features or physical characteristics. A characterization of an integrated collection of software and hardware containing one or more sensors and associated controls used to produce data on an environment. The name given to the contract or engagement which enabled the data to be produced. Each investigation is associated with a Principal Investigator or Guest Investigator who was responsible for the original proposal. For single PI missions each major subsystem having its own identified Team Leader may also be classed as an "Investigation" for the purposes of data archiving. A word or phrase that is relevant to the resource but does not exist in other documentary information. The smallest value within a range of possible values. A characterization of the quantitative assessment of a phenomenon. A measured observation which is derived from a combination of two or more individual measurements. A language unit by which a person or thing is known. A set of programmatically related observatories. The value is taken from an approved list of observatory group names. The identifier of an Observatory resource. The portion of space measured by the instrument at the time of an observation. A region is distinguished by certain natural features or physical characteristics. It is the location of the observatory for in situ data, the location or region sensed by remote sensing observatories and the location-of-relevance for parameters that are derived from observational data. A unit within a company or other entity (e.g., Government agency or branch of service) within which many projects are managed as a whole. The direction within a coordinate system. Values, such as flags, that are not time tags, location data or measured or derived parameters. The name or identfier which can be used to access the parameter in the resource. The associated value is dependent on the service used to access the resource. The resource identifier for a resource that a resource is a part of. The resource inherits the attributes of the referenced resource. Attributes defined in the resource override attributes of the parent in the manner perscribed by the containing resource. Characterizes the directional and statistical aspects of the particle observation. A characterization of the physical properties of the particle. A characterization of the kind of particle observed by the measurement. The identifier assigned to a Person description. The words used to address an individual. The characteristics or categorization of an event type. The symbols and numerals required to contact an individual by telephone. The string may contain punctuation marks such as dash (-) or dot (.) to separate fields within the string. Characterizes the directional and statistical aspects of the photon observation. A characterization of the physical properties of the photon. The provider specific classification of the processing performed on the product. A short textual description of a resource used by the provider which may be used to identify a resource. Describes the release or edition of the product used by the provider. The formation rule may vary between providers. It is intended to aid in queries to the provider regarding the product. An indication of the nominal end date relative to the present. The point in time when an item is made available. A Resource ID is a URI that has the form "scheme://authority/path" where "scheme" is "spase" for those resources administered through the SPASE framework, "authority" is the unique identifier for the resource provider registered within the SPASE framework and "path" is the unique identifier of the resource within the context of the "authority". The resource ID must be unique within the SPASE framework. A short textual description of a resource which may be useful when read by a person. The assigned or assumed function or position of an individual. The physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude, or extent of an object.. The general term used to describe wavelengths or frequencies within a given span of values for those quantities. The specification of a starting point in time. Pertaining to time. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the address indicates what protocol to use, and the second part specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located followed by the pathname of the resource. A URL is specified in the form protocol://server.domain.name:port/pathname. Example protocols are HTTP or FTP, server domain name is the Internet name. A description of the standardized measurement increments in which a value is specified. The description is represented as a mathematical phrase. Individual units within the phrase must conform to the International System of Units (SI) which is maintained by BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. See <http://www.bipm.fr/> ). The symbol associated with a unit should be used in the phrase. Within the phrase the circumflex (^) is used to indicate a power, a star (*) is used to indicate multiplication and a slash (/) division. When symbols are not separated by a mathematical operator, multiplication is assumed. Symbols for base units can be found at: <http://www.bipm.fr/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/#symbols> and those for common derived units can be found at: <http://www.bipm.fr/en/si/derived_units/2-2-2.html> The multiplicative factor for converting a unit into International System of Units (SI) units. The factor is expressed in the form "number > x", where "number" is a numerical value and "x" is the appropriate SI units. The basic SI units are Enumerated: m (meter), N (newton), kg (kilogram), Pa (pascal), s (second), Hz (hertz), A (ampere), V (volt), K (kelvin), W (watt), rad (radian), J (joule), sr (steradian), C (coulomb), T (tesla), ohm (ohm), mho (mho or seimens), H (henry), and F (farad). Two useful units which are not SI units are: degree (angle), and unitless (no units). An example is: "1.0E-5>T" which converts the units, presumable nT, to tesla. Another example is: "1.0e-1>km/s" which converts a velocity expressed in meters per second to kilometers per second. Indicates the release identifier. When used to indicate the release of the SPASE data model, it is a in the form Major.Minor.Fix where Major: A significant change in the architecture of the model or rewrite of the implementation. This includes major changes in design or implementation language. This number starts at 0 (zero). Minor: An addition of terms or features that require changes in documentation/external API. This number starts at 0 (zero). Fix: Any change that doesn't require documentation/external API changes. This number starts at 0 (zero). Identifiers for permissions granted or denied by the host of a product to allow other users to access and use the resource. Access is granted to everyone. Access to the product is regulated and requires some form of identification. Identifiers for indicating the method or service which may be used to access the resource. Not directly accessible electronically. This includes resources which may to be moved to an online status in response to a given request. Directly accessible electronically. Identifiers the represenational form for coordinate system.ation has been expressed. A coordinate system in which the position of a point is determined by its distance from two or three mutually perpendicular axes. A system of curvilinear coordinates in which the position of a point in space is determined by its perpendicular distance from a given line, its distance from a selected reference plane perpendicular to this line, and its angular distance from a selected reference line when projected onto this plane. A system of curvilinear coordinates characterized by an azimuthal angle (longitude), a polar angle (latitude), and a distance (radius) from a point to the origin. Identifiers for coordinate systems in which the position, direction or observation has been expressed. Corrected Geomagnetic - A coordinate system from a spatial point with GEO radial distance and geomagnetic latitude and longitude, follow the epoch-appropriate IGRF/DGRF model field vector through to the point where the field line crosses the geomagnetic dipole equatorial plane. Then trace the dipole magnetic field vector Earthward from that point on the equatorial plane, in the same hemisphere as the original point, until the initial radial distance is reached. Designate the dipole latitude and longitude at that point as the CGM latitude and longitude of the original point. See <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/cgm/cgmm_des.html> Dipole Meridian - A coordinate system centered at the observation point. Z axis is parallel to the Earth's dipole axis, positive northward. X is in the plane defined by Z and the line linking the observation point with the Earth's center. Y is positive eastward. See <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf> Geocentric Equatorial Inertial - A coordinate system where the Z axis is along Earth's spin vector, positive northward. X axis points towards the first point of Aries (from the Earth towards the Sun at the vernal equinox). See Russell, 1971 Geographic - geocentric corotating - A coordinate system where the Z axis is along Earth's spin vector, positive northward. X axis lies in Greenwich meridian, positive towards Greenwich. See Russell, 1971. Geocentric Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the X axis is from Earth to Sun. Z axis is normal to the ecliptic, positive northward. See Russell, 1971. Geocentric Solar Equatorial - A coordinate system where the X axis is from Earth to Sun. Y axis is parallel to solar equatorial plane. Z axis is positive northward. See Russell, 1971 Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the X axis is from Earth to Sun, Z axis is northward in a plane containing the X axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis. See Russell, 1971 Heliocentric Aries Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the Z axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. X axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as SE below. See Hapgood, 1992. Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the Z axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. X axis points from Sun to Earth. See Hapgood, 1992 Heliocentric Earth Equatorial - A coordinate system where the Z axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. X axis is generally Earthward in the plane defined by the Z axis and the Sun-Earth direction. See Hapgood, 1992. Heliographic - A heliocentric rotating coordinate system where the Z axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. X, Y axes rotate with a 25.38 day period. The zero longitude (X axis) is defined as the longitude that passed through the ascending node of the solar equator on the ecliptic plane on 1 January, 1854 at 12 UT. See <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html> Heliographic Inertial - A heliocentric coordinate system where the Z axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. X axis is along the intersection line between solar equatorial and ecliptic planes. The X axis was positive at SE longitude of 74.367 deg on Jan 1, 1900. (See SE below.) See <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html> An astronomical coordinate system which uses the mean equator and equinox of Julian date 2451545.0 TT (Terrestrial Time), or January 1, 2000, noon TT. (aka J2000) to define a celestial reference frame. Local Geomagnetic - A coordinate system used mainly for Earth surface or near Earth surface magnetic field data. X axis northward from observation point in a geographic meridian. Z axis downward towards Earth's center. In this system, H (total horizontal component) = SQRT (Bx**2 + By**2) and D (declination angle) = arctan (By/Bx) Geomagnetic - geocentric. Z axis is parallel to the geomagnetic dipole axis, positive north. X is in the plane defined by the Z axis and the Earth's rotation axis. If N is a unit vector from the Earth's center to the north geographic pole, the signs of the X and Y axes are given by Y = N x Z, X = Y x Z.. See Russell, 1971, and <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf> Magnetic Field Aligned - A coordinate system spacecraft-centered system with Z in the direction of the ambient magnetic field vector. X is in the plane defined by Z and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward. See <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf> Radial Tangential Normal. Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. R (radial) axis is radially away from the Sun, T (tangential) axis is normal to the plane formed by R and the Sun's spin vector, positive in the direction of planetary motion. N (normal) is R x T. Spacecraft - A coordinate system defined by the spacecraft geometry and/or spin. Often has Z axis parallel to spacecraft spin vector. X and Y axes may or may not corotate with the spacecraft. See SR and SR2 below. Solar Ecliptic - A heliocentric coordinate system where the Z axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. X axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as HAE above. See <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html> Solar Magnetic - A geocentric coordinate system where the Z axis is northward along Earth's dipole axis, X axis is in plane of z axis and Earth-Sun line, positive sunward. See Russell, 1971. Spin Reference - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. Z is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector. X and Y rotate with the spacecraft. See <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf> Spin Reference 2 - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. Z is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector. X is in the plane defined by Z and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward. See <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf> Spacecraft Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system used for deep space spacecraft, for example Helios. - X axis from spacecraft to Sun. Z axis normal to ecliptic plane, positive northward. Note: Angle between normals to ecliptic and to Helios orbit plane ~ 0.25 deg. dentifiers for the regions surrounding the Earth. The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma. The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet, and bounded by the magnetopause, that is under the direct influence of the planet's magnetic field. The region on the night side of the body where the magnetic filed is stretched backwards by the force of the solar wind. For Earth, the magnetotail begins at a night-side radial distance of 10 Re (X > -10Re). The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body. The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the aural zone. The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field. The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km. The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction. The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an opitcal phenomenum. The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.. The outermost area of a solid object. Identifier for unambiguous rules that establishes the representation of information within a file. A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is an 7-bit character-coding scheme. A data encoding scheme whereby binary-encoded data is converted to printable ASCII characters. It is defined as a MIME content transfer encoding for use in internet e-mail. The only characters used are the upper- and lower-case Roman alphabet characters (A–Z, a–z), the numerals (0–9), and the "+" and "/" symbols, with the "=" symbol as a special suffix (padding) code. An open standard algorithm by Julian Seward using Burrows-Wheeler block sorting and Huffman coding. See <http://www.bzip.org/> An open standard algorithm distributed by GHU based on LZ77 and Huffman coding. See <http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/gzip.html> or <http://www.gzip.org/> A lack or absence of anything. Text in multi-byte Unicode format. An open standard for compression which is a variation of the LZW method and was originally used in the PKZIP utility. Identifiers for components of a coordinate system which can be associated with a Field Quantity. Identifiers for terms which can be associated with a Field Quantity. The statistical mean; the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set. A part of a multi-part entity, e.g., the components of a vector. The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity. A measure of the strength or size of a vector quantity. The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence. At right angles to a given direction. A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean. A quantity having both magnitude and direction, e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration and force. Identifiers for the physical attribute of the field. The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations. The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force. The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent. A field which obeys Laplace's Equation. The rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian. Identifiers for data organized according to preset specifications. Audio Video Interleave (AVI) a digital format for movies that conforms to the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF). A direct representation of the bits which may be stored in memory on a computer. Common Data Format (CDF). A binary storage format developed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Cluster Exchange Format (CEF) is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. There are two versions of CEF which are not totally compatible. Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 1, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. The metadata contains information compatible with the ISTP recommendations for CDF. Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 2, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data and introduced for Cluster Active Archive. Compared to version 1, the metadata description of vectors and tensors is different. Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) is a digital format primarily designed to store scientific data sets consisting of multi-dimensional arrays (1-D spectra, 2-D images or 3-D data cubes) and 2-dimensional tables containing rows and columns of data. Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) first introduced in 1987 by CompuServe. GIF uses LZW compression and images are limited to 256 colours. Hierarchical Data Format Hierarchical Data Format, Version 4 Hierarchical Data Format, Version 5 A text file containing structured information represented in the HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML). See <http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/> Instrument Data File Set (IDFS) is a set of files written in a prescribed format which contain data, timing data, and meta-data. IDFS was developed at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). Interactive Data Language (IDL) save set. IDL is a proprietary format. A binary format for still images defined by the Joint Photographic Experts Group MATLAB Workspace save set, version 4. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks. MATLAB Workspace save set, version 6. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks. MATLAB Workspace save set, version 7. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. Version 7 includes data compression and Unicode encoding. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks. A digital format for movies defined by the Motion Picture Experts Group The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) format. A complete description of that standard is given in appendix C of the "Report on Establishment & Operation of the Incoherent- Scatter Data Base", dated August 23, 1984, obtainable from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000. Unidata Program Center's Network Common Data Form (NetCDF). A self-describing data portable data format for array-oriented data access. See <http://my.unidata.ucar.edu/content/software/netcdf> A document expressed in the Portable Document Format (PDF) as defined by Adobe. A digital format for still images. Portable Network Graphics (PNG) A format for digital movies, as defined by Apple Computer. See <http://developer.apple.com/quicktime/> ASCII text A binary format for still pictures. Tagged Image Format File (TIFF). Originally developed by Aldus and now controlled by Adobe. Universal Data Format (UDF). The Optical Technology Storage Association's Universal Disk Format, based on ISO 13346. See <http://www.osta.org/specs/index.htm> A proposed XML standard designed as a flexible storage and exchange format for tabular data. eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). A structured format for representing information. See <http://www.w3.org/XML/> Identifiers for regions of the solar atmosphere which extends roughly from the inner corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma. The region of the heliosphere extending radially out from the "surface" of the Sun to 1 AU. The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point. The region of the heliosphere from, but not including, 1 AU to the farthest extent of the heliosphere (heliopause). The heliospheric region near the Earth's orbit, but exclusive of the region near the Earth. Identifiers for the type of experiment the instrument performs. This is the technique of observation. A sensor used to measure electric potential. An instrument that detects electrons, ions, and UV-radiation, according to the principle of a secondary emission multiplier. It is typically used in electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor) elements are small spheres located at the ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft. An active experiment to measure the electron drift velocity based on sensing the displacement of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration in the ambient magnetic field. An instrument which uses charged plates to analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies of charged particles which enter the instrument. An instrument that measures fluxes of charged particles as a function of time, direction of motion, mass, charge and/or species An instrument consisting of an electrode from which electrical current is measured while a charged particle beam (electrons or ions) impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum and sometimes ion composition of the impinging particles. A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise ratio are increased by the application of negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level by driving a collocated coil with a signal from the preamplifier. An instrument that determines the spectra of a radiative source, using time-domain measurements and a Fourier transform. An instrument which samples the radiation from an area at one or more spectral ranges emitted or reflected by an object. A monopole antenna associated with an instrument. The instrument applies a potential to the antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current characteristic. This provides information about the plasma surrounding the probe and spacecraft. A dipole antenna whose active (sensor) elements are two wires deployed in the equatorial plane on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft, and whose length is several times greater than the spacecraft diameter. An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic field. An instrument which distinguishes chemical species in terms of their different isotopic masses. An instrument used for the detection of elementary particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft X-rays constructed from very thin conductive glass capillaries. An instrument which correlates particle flux to help identify wave/particle interactions. An instrument used for the 3-D detection of plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and for positive-ion composition measurements. An instrument which uses radar to obtain an image of an object. A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding a spacecraft by identifying resonances or cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation), whose frequencies are related to the ambient plasma density and magnetic field. When the transmitter is off it is essentially a high frequency-resolution spectral power receiver. A loop of wire used to determine the time variation of the magnetic flux threading the loop by measurement of the electric potential difference induced between the ends of the wire. An instrument to control the electric potential of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma by emitting a variable current of positive ions. A radio receiver which determines the power spectral density of the electric or magnetic field, or both, at one or more frequencies. An instrument that measures the component wavelengths of light or other electromagnetic radiation into its component wavelengths. A radio receiver which outputs the value of one or more components of the electric and/or magnetic field as a function of time. Identifiers for the region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet, and bounded by the magnetopause, that is under the direct influence of planet's magnetic field. The region on the night side of the body where the magnetic filed is stretched backwards by the force of the solar wind. For Earth, the magnetotail begins at a night-side radial distance of 10 Re (X > -10Re). The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body. The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the aural zone. The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field. Identifiers for the method of making an estimated value of a quantity that forms the basis of an observaton. An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices. Measurements of fluxes of charged or ionized particles at above thermal energies, including relativistic particles of solar and galactic origin. May give simple fluxes, but more complete distributions are sometimes possible. Composition measurements may also be made. A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object. A three-dimensional representation of successive spectra which allows time evolution to be clearly seen. Time is plotted along the abscissa, frequency (or particle energy) along the ordinate, and the spectral power density (or differential particle flux) is represented by different shades of grey, or color. This representation is also known as a spectrogram. Measurements of electric field vectors (sometimes not all components) as a time series. Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles. Measurements of the two-dimensional distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions; can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc. In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured. A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. The SI unit of irradiance is watts per square meter (W·m-2). Measurements of magnetic field vectors (sometimes not all components) as time series; can be space- or ground-based. Also, [Zeeman splitting, etc. based]: A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected [as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.] Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization. ("Magnetogram.") Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction; often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line. Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a body and its surrounding environments. Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body. A radiometric measurement that describe the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces. The SI unit of radiance is watts per steradian per square meter (W·sr-1·m-2). Measurements of electric and/or magnetic fields using electric or magnetic antennas at frequencies anywhere between the spacecraft spin frequency and the characteristic frequencies of the ambient plasma. The output can be waveform, power spectral density, or other statistical parameters. Measurements of plasma density, magnetic field and possibly other parameters of the space environment by active probing of the plasma by radio waves. Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.). Identifiers for heliospheric regions near the earth or within the earth's orbit. Identifiers for regions of the gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction. The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an opitcal phenomenum. The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.. Open List. See: Identifiers for programmatically related observatories. The value is taken from an approved list of observatory group names. See <http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/spase/> for the list. Open List. See: Identifiers for a location or platform. An observatory may be part of an observatory group. The value is taken from an approved list of observatory names. See <http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/spase/> for the list. Identifiers for the axis of coordinate systems. TheHierarchical Data Format The component of a vector in a sperical coordinate system in the direction of the angle between the x-axis and the line from the origin to the measured point. The component of a vector along in the radial direction in a spherical system. The component of a vector in a sperical coordinate system in the direction of the angle between the z-axis and the line from the origin to the measured point. In a cylindical coordinate system it is the angle between the x-axis and the line from the origin to the point. The component of a vector along the X-axis in a cartessian coordinate system. The component of a vector along the Y-axis in a cartessian coordinate system. The component of a vector along the Z-axis in a cartessian coordinate system. Identifiers for terms which can be associated with a Particle Quantity. The statistical mean; the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set. A part of a multi-part entity, e.g., the components of a vector. The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity. The ratio of the intensity of radiant energy scattered in a given direction to the incident irradiance and thus has dimensions of area per unit solid angle. Values that make an model agree with the data. The summation of values over a given area or range. A measure of the strength or size of a vector quantity. Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity. Having the same direction as a given direction The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence. At right angles to a given direction. The relative magnitudes of two quantities. A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean. A quantity having both magnitude and direction, e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration and force. Identifiers for the characterization of the physical properties of the particle. The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed. A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons. An enumeration of the number of detection events occurring in a particle detector per unit time or over detector accumulation times. In radiation studies, this refers to the amount of radiant energy passing through a unit area Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma; typically computed as third moment of a distribution function. The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols). The mass of particles per unit volume.